Animals face a constant battle to survive, not just by finding food but by avoiding becoming food themselves. Over millions of years, evolution has produced a vast range of defense strategies, from ...

Marine animals, such as the extremely simple flatworm Trichoplax, are ideal model organisms for studying the early evolutionary origins of animal life processes. Despite measuring only a few ...

Across deserts, ocean floors, and forest undergrowth, a handful of animals have evolved defenses so extreme they strain belief. Bombardier beetles detonate chemical explosions inside their own bodies.

Animals are some of the most fascinating creatures on Earth, and their survival strategies can be just as extraordinary as their appearances. Across ecosystems, species have evolved highly specialized ...

† Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, ‡ Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriner 's Burn Institute, Boston, MA 02114; § Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical ...