The French Revolution of 1789 not only propelled ... but was acting as an independent state. In 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte, who had seized power in France in 1799, sought to restore slavery to ...

The population of New Orleans actually doubled in the early 19th century from a belated wave of Saint-Domingue immigrants who had first sought refuge in Cuba; these early "Haitian Americans ... be a ...

Toussaint L’Ouverture emerged as the leader of the Haitian revolution in the late ... L’Ouverture was eventually captured by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802 and detained at Fort de Joux, where ...

In the process, Girard helps throw light not only on events in Haiti and France, but also on the international implications and involvement in the revolution. He also helps explain how these events ...