A health economics example illustrates the usefulness of such models. For the approximation of the likelihood function, nonlinear filtering algorithms developed in the time-series literature are ...

People who write software have probably looked at numerical integration like Simpson’s rule or the midpoint rule. That makes it pretty obvious that integration is summing up small bits of something.

Numerical integration of a multimodal integrand f (θ) is approached by Monte Carlo integration via importance sampling. A mixture of multivariate t density functions is suggested as an importance ...