A study by the Securities and Exchange Board of India found that retail investors lost more than $20 billion on option trades over three years. On July 4, SEBI announced it would seize 48.4 billion rupees ($570 million) from trading giant Jane Street Group,

At the heart of the controversy is Jane Street’s aggressive trading in the derivatives (futures) segment, where the firm executed trades designed not just to profit, but to sway the market itself. Here's how.

Last week, SEBI had barred US-based Jane Street Group from India's securities markets and directed the group to disgorge unlawful gains of Rs 4,843 crore for allegedly manipulating stock indices through positions taken in derivatives segment.